Edition/revision number For numbered editions, use the abbreviation for the ordinal number that applies (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.), then add 'ed.' For a revised edition, use the abbreviations 'Rev. Include edition information in parenthesis, and insert it between the book title and its following period, without underlining. The reference in this case is the same as for a print book chapter. Include any edition information in the same parentheses as the page range of the chapter, separated with a comma. For ebook chapters without pagination, omit the page range from the reference (as in the Thestrup example). An APA citation generator is a software tool that will automatically format academic citations in the American Psychological Association (APA) style. It will usually request vital details about a source - like the authors, title, and publish date - and will output these details with the correct punctuation and layout required by the official.
APA REFERENCE STYLE: Books
| Basic Formatting | Citation Style: Journals |
Some books provide an overview of a specific topic, and are valuable in this respect. Other books contain an extended discussion of a very specific subtopic, going to a level of detail which would be impossible in a shorter work. Very often, a book of this type will be intended as a definitive work. Unfortunately, however, books go out of date-the process of book publishing is long and theories change quickly. Libraries usually hold onto books long after the theories they contain are proven invalid. It is therefore important to make sure that the books you use are as up to date as possible.
NECESSARY INFORMATION AND WHERE TO FIND IT:
| Author(s) of book | can generally be found on both the cover (or dust jacket) and title page. |
| Year of publication | can sometimes be found at the bottom of the title page; otherwise look on the page directly behind the title page, where it says 'Copyright ©.' |
| Title of book | can be found on both the cover (or dust jacket) and title page (naturally). |
| Edition/revision number (if any) | is usually indicated on the cover (or dust jacket) or title page. If no edition number or revision information is present on either of these places, assume that the book is an original edition. |
| Place of publication | is usually listed on the title page |
| Publishing entity | is almost always listed at the bottom of the title page. If no listing is made here, try the page directly behind the title page. |
AUTHOR(S) OF BOOK
For books, put each author's last name, then a comma, then the first initial of the first name, then any additional initials. A period should follow each initial. Separate the last author from the second-to-last author with a comma and ampersand (&). Separate any additional authors by commas. If the listed author is a group or institution, include its full name. In the case of institutional authorship, add a period to end the section; for individual authors, no extra period is needed-the period after the final initial is sufficient.
| One author | Smith, M. T. |
| Two authors | Beddington-Meekes, J. A., & Hiroguchi, M. |
| Three authors | Jones, Q. P., Chen, C. L., & Crismon, S. |
| Institutional author | Italian Institute of Pig Language Research. |
YEAR OF PUBLICATION
For books, include only the year of copyright, in parenthesis, then end with a period. If the book was republished, include the original date of publication and the new date in the text citation, separated by a slash (/), but put only the publication date of the source used in the reference list. If no date of publication is listed, put 'n.d.' in the parenthesis.
| Standard form | (1994). |
| Republished book (in text citation) | (1969/1996). |
| No date given | (n.d.). |
TITLE OF BOOK
Give the full title of the book, including the subtitle if one is given. Capitalize only the first word of the title, and the first word of any subtitle; also capitalize any proper names in the title. Separate title and subtitle with a colon (:). If the book is a volume in a titled series of books, add the series title as a subtitle. Put the title, subtitle, and series information in italics, and end with a period.
| Standard form | The evolution of the Pig Latin-Pig Pidgin continuum. |
| Title and subtitle | Mud, troughs, and slop: Using realia in the secondary Pig Latin classroom. |
| Title and series name | Pig Latin phonology: Vol. 2. Current issues in Pig Latin studies. |
EDITION/REVISION NUMBER
For numbered editions, use the abbreviation for the ordinal number that applies (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.), then add 'ed.' For a revised edition, use the abbreviations 'Rev. ed.' Include edition information in parenthesis, and insert it between the book title and its following period, without underlining.
| Numbered edition | Book title (3rd ed.). |
| Revised edition | Book title (Rev. ed.). |
PLACE OF PUBLICATION
Certain common cities of publication are included with no additional information. These include: Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, Amsterdam, Jerusalem, London, Milan, Moscow, Paris, Rome, Stockholm, Tokyo, Vienna. If the book was published in one of these places, simply list the city, followed by a colon (:).
If the book's place of publication is not one of these cities, additional information is needed. For American locations, include the city and state postal abbreviation, separated by a comma. For locations outside the United States, include the city and country, separated by a comma. Follow each type of location with a colon.
| Common locations | New York: Milan: |
| American location | Wynot, NE: |
| Other locations | Talcahuano, Chile: Suva, Fiji: |
PUBLISHING ENTITY
Give as much of the publisher's name as necessary to render it comprehensible. Completely spell out the names of university presses and corporations, but cut such words as Inc., Co., and Publishers from commercial publishing companies. Follow the publisher's name with a period.
| Commercial press | Collins. |
| University press | Cambridge University Press. |
| Corporate press | General Electric Corporation. |
Author, A. A. (1996). Title of book. City: Publisher.
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (1996). Title of book: Subtitle of book (edition). City, ST: Publisher.
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (1996). Title of book: Vol. 1. Title of series. City, Country: Publisher.
EXAMPLE CITATIONS:| Citation: | Webb, C. D. (1992). A theoretical basis for Pig Latin semiotics. New Haven, CT: Bayside. |
| Citation: | Brandow, A. E., & Wenceler, S. (1987). Breaking the language barrier: Our experiences teaching Pig Latin to South American aboriginal peoples (Rev. ed.). Kalohe, HI: Kahoolawe University Press. |
| Citation: | Larrison, L., Curliman, P. D., & Moer, J. Q. (1978). Pig Latin pedagogy: Vol. 6. Language teachers' resource. Nottingham, England: Association of British Language Teachers. |
| In-text Citation: | (Larrison, Curliman, & Moer, 1965/1978). |
| Basic Formatting | Citation Style: Journals |
Table of Contents
Formatting
Note: All citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent in a Reference List.
A 'hanging indent' means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.
Below is a link to an APA sample paper that contains instructions about how to format a hanging indent in a paper.
Tips
Author
Government Documents often have a group/corporate author listed instead of a specific person's name. The author may be the name of a department, commitee or agency.
When the government department, agency or committee that created the document is also the publisher, omit the publisher name to avoid repetition. The names of parent agencies, if applicable, may be used as the publisher.
Titles
Capitalize the first letter of the first word of the title. If there is a colon (:) in the title, also capitalize the first letter of the first word after the colon.
Capitalize the first letter of proper names in titles, such as names of places or people.
Place of Publication
Omit the publisher location in the reference unless they are works associated with specific locations (e.g. a conference presentation). For cities in the US and Canada list the city name and the province or state code. For other countries, list the city name and the country. Examples: Toronto, ON ; Tokyo, Japan
Electronic Government Documents
Many government documents are now published electronically as well as in print. Provide the publisher name and the url.
Government Document From a Website
Name of Government Department, Agency or Committee. (Year of Publication, Month Day). Title of document: Subtitle if given (edition if given and is not first edition). Publisher Name. URL
Example:
United States Department of Children and Youth Services. (2010, April 27). Your preschool child's speech and language development. United States Department of Health & Human Services. http://www.children.gov./htdocs/English/topics/earlychildhood/ speechlanguage/brochure_preschool.aspx
In-Text Paraphrase:
(Name of Government Department, Agency or Committee, Year)
Example: (United States Department of Children and Youth Services, 2010)
In-Text Quote:
(Name of Government Department, Agency or Committee, Year, Section Name section, para. Paragraph Number if more than one paragraph in section)
(United States Department of Children and Youth Services, 2010, By Age Five section, para. 4)
Note: When there are no visible page numbers or paragraph numbers, you may cite the section heading and the number of the paragraph in that section to identify where your quote came from.
Government Document In Print
Name of Government Department, Agency or Committee. (Year of Publication). Title of document: Subtitle if given (edition if given and is not first edition). Publisher Name.
Example:
National Health Council. (2007). Americans' experience with chronic illness care in 2007.
Note: When the government department, agency or committee that created the document is also the publisher, omit the publisher name in the reference.
In-Text Paraphrase:
(Name of Government Department, Agency or Committee, Year)
Example: (National Health Council, 2007)
In-Text Quote:
(Name of Government Department, Agency or Committee, Year, p. Page Number)
Example: (National Health Council, 2007, p. 4)
Court Decision
Name v. Name, Volume Source Page (Court Date).
Example:
Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954).
In-Text Paraphrase:
(Brown v. Board of Education, 1954).
In-Text Quote:
Apa Reference For Revised Edition Free
(Brown v. Board of Education, 1954, Syllabus (d)).
Note:
Italicize the case name if you include it in the text of your paper.
Statute
Name of Act, public law number, (year).
Example:
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Pub. L. No. 104-191, § 264, 110 Stat.1936.
In-Text Paraphrase:
(Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act [HIPAA] of 1996, Pub. L. No. 104-191)
In-Text Quote:
(Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, Pub. L. No. 104-191, S. 264)
Unenacted Bill or Resolution
Title [if there is one], bill or resolution number, xxx Cong. (year).
Example (Senate):
Anti-Phishing Act, S. 472, 109th Cong. (2005).
Example: (House):
Anti-Phishing Act, H.R. 1099, 109th Cong. (2005).
In-Text Paraphrase:
Apa Citation For Revised Edition
(Anti-Phishing Act, 2005)
In-Text Quote:
(Anti-Phishing Act, 2005, S. 1351 'Internet Fraud')
- Last Updated:May 7, 2021 10:40 AM
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